Med. Weter. 80 (8), 365-369, 2024
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| BARTŁOMIEJ TYKAŁOWSKI, ANDRZEJ KONCICKI |
| National and international trade in poultry and poultry products in light of the valid legal regulations |
| Freedom of international flow of goods, services, people and animals, including poultry and poultry products, poses a threat of spreading infectious diseases to people and animals. This requires public administration bodies to take certain measures to minimise the spread of animal infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases, which pose a threat to public health. The World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates global trade in poultry and poultry products, working in cooperation with the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). In order to ensure the safety of food of animal origin, WOAH works together with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Animal health and international trade in poultry and poultry products in the European Union countries have been regulated since 21 May 2021 by the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/429 of 9 March 2016, the so-called “Animal Health Law” (AHL), and the delegated and implementing acts that accompany it. The provisions of the regulation are applied directly in all the EU member states, which arises from Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). According to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002, there is the Animal Disease Information System (ADIS) in the EU, which imposes an obligation to inform the European Commission and other EU Member States within 24 hours of confirming the existence of the primary outbreak of a category A disease (controlled ex officio). With respect to poultry diseases, following the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1882 of 3 December 2018, AHL regulations apply to the following: Newcastle Disease (ND) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) as well as mycoplasmosis in chickens and turkeys, caused by Mycoplasma (M.) gallisepticum, and in turkeys, caused by M. meleagridis, infections in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, quails, pheasants, partridges and ducks, caused by Salmonella (S.) Pullorum and S. Gallinarum and in turkeys, caused by S. Arizonae, as well as bird viral infections of lowly pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), avian chlamydiosis in parrots, and West Nile Fever. The AHL did not repeal the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council 2160/2003 of 17 November 2023, which obligates the EU Member States to implement programmes of Salmonella control as part of the national programmes. Moreover, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was appointed, and the Rapid Alert System of Food and Feed (RASF) was established to inform about the threats found in food, feed and materials intended for contact with food. Observing these regulations on the national, community and international levels is of key importance in controlling each infectious animal disease and preventing threats to public health. |
| Keywords: acts of law, infectious diseases, national and international trade, poultry, public health |