Med. Weter. 81 (11), 590-597, 2025
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| KEREM YENER, ÜNAL YAVUZ, ALİ HAYAT, KÜBRA DİKMEN İLGİNOĞLU, MEHMET SALİH KARADAĞ, MEHMET SIDIK HURMA |
| Comparison of Cardiopulmonary, Hematological, Biochemical and Sedation Effects of Intramuscular, Intranasal and Intraosseous Administration Methods of Midazolam And Butorphanol Combinatıon in Pigeons |
| This study compared the effects of midazolam-butorphanol (MID-BUT) administration via different routes in pigeons (Columba livia). Twenty-four healthy adult pigeons (1-2 years old, 494.2 ± 22.3 g) were divided into three groups, each receiving MID (4 mg/kg) + BUT (2 mg/kg) by intramuscular (IM), intraosseous (IO), or intranasal (IN) routes. Cardiopulmonary, hematological, and biochemical parameters, along with sedation depth and anesthesia duration, were evaluated. While intergroup differences were not significant, temporal changes occurred within groups. Cloacal temperature was significantly lower 30 and 40 min after sedation administration in all groups. SpO2 was significantly decreased 5 min after sedation adminstration in the IM and IO groups, while EtCO2 was significantly increased 10, 15, and 20 min after sedation administration in the IO group. Hematological changes in the IM group included lower WBC, RBC, HCT, HGB, and CREA, which were significantly reduced 15 and 30 min after sedation administration. Sedation onset was fastest in the IO group (4.22 ± 0.7 min), followed by the IN group (4.37 ± 0.89 min) and the IM group (4.86 ± 0.9 min). Sedation duration was longest in the IO group (37.23 ± 3.21 min), significantly longer than in the IM (34.53 ± 3.4 min) and IN (30 ± 1.21 min) groups. In conclusion, the IN method is recommended as a preferable option for short-term procedures, whereas the IO method can be considered more suitable for long-term procedures, but presents potential risks in pigeons with respiratory complications. The IM method should be used with greater caution because of its observed effects on hematological parameters. |
| Keywords: intramuscular, intranasal, intraosseous, midazolam, butorphanol |